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China Factor

The second China-Mongolia railway has its last beam in place and a 30 million tonne design

The last of 760 prefabricated T-beams was set on Friday 16 October on the Gantsmod-Gashuunsukhait railway, the second cross-border rail link between China and Mongolia after the Erenhot-Zamiin-Uud line of 1956, Xinhua reported from Ulaanbaatar the same day. The 9.91 km route, 6.08 km of it a cross-border bridge, has been under construction since May 2025 and is designed for 30 million tonnes of cargo a year.

A massive precast concrete beam suspended from a launching gantry over bridge piers in flat desert.

Construction began in May 2025, and the heaviest single beam on the bridge weighs 149.5 tonnes, by Xinhua’s figures. The final one, 32.6 metres long and about 134 tonnes, was placed by China Railway Construction Bridge Engineering Bureau Group.

The line is built under a principle Xinhua renders as unified design, independent construction and integrated commissioning: it crosses at the Gantsmod port on the Chinese side and the Gashuunsukhait port on the Mongolian, then joins Gashuunsukhait station in Umnugovi province and, through it, Mongolia’s southbound network.

Construction began in May 2025, and the heaviest single beam on the bridge weighs 149.5 tonnes, by Xinhua’s figures.

Xinhua names no cost, no commissioning date and no Mongolian official. Gashuunsukhait is the crossing through which Tavan Tolgoi’s coal reaches China by road, and the report does not say what share of the 30 million tonnes is coal.

The desert on the route complicated the work, the agency says. “The milestone lays a solid foundation for subsequent construction work.”